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The expansion of 287(g) agreements, which allow local law enforcement to collaborate with federal immigration authorities, along with new state-level enforcement measures, has added to concerns about racial profiling, family separations, and reduced access to essential services for immigrant communities (Chishti & Putzel-Kavanaugh, 2025).
These developments have led to a surge in immigration and custom enforcement (ICE) raids and detentions, driving many immigrant families into hiding and discouraging engagement with essential services (Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse, 2025).
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