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Christian Science Monitor
November 14, 2025

What is immigration court? How it works and how it’s changing under Trump.
By Sarah Matusek and Caitlin Babcock


As of August, there were 3.4 million cases pending in immigration courts. The backlog often results in years-long waits for hearings, which is a point of frustration for pro-enforcement and pro-immigrant advocates alike. Last fiscal year, the number of pending cases shrunk by more than 700,000 cases, according to the Executive Office for Immigration Review, which oversees immigration courts. That office says there were more than 4.18 million pending cases at one point, a higher figure than TRAC has reported. Observers attribute the drop to a variety of factors, including fewer new cases as illegal entries plummet and more respondents placed in detention, where cases might move faster.


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