Putting TRAC to Work
  Policy and Public Interest Groups
Migration Policy Institute
November 2025

Breaking the Cycle of Dysfunction at the U.S. Immigration Courts
By Kathleen Bush-Jospeh, Doris Meissner, and Muzaffar Chishti


Asylum claims are more complex than other immigration cases, both procedurally and substantively, and therefore take more resources to adjudicate. In addition, the individualized assessments involved in asylum cases and rapidly changing regulations and case precedents mean that asylum cases take much longer to decide than other cases. On average, removal cases take about two years to complete when they do not involve an asylum claim, while asylum cases can take four years or longer.....[Citing TRAC data and reports.]


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