Prosecutions for May 2025
The latest available data from the Justice Department show that during May 2025 the government reported 11125 new prosecutions. According to the case-by-case information analyzed by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), this number is up 11.2 percent over the previous month.
The comparisons of the number of defendants charged are based on case-by-case information obtained by TRAC under the Freedom of Information Act from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (see Table 1).
When monthly 2025 prosecutions of this type are compared with those of the same period in the previous year, the number of filings was up (27.4%). Prosecutions over the past year are still much lower than they were five years ago. Overall, the data show that prosecutions of this type are down 10.5 percent from levels reported in 2020.
Figure 1. Monthly Trends in Prosecutions
The decrease from the levels five years ago in prosecutions for these matters is shown more clearly in Figure 1. The vertical bars in Figure 1 represent the number of prosecutions of this type recorded on a month-to-month basis. Where a prosecution was initially filed in U.S. Magistrate Court and then transferred to the U.S. District Court, the magistrate filing date was used since this provides an earlier indicator of actual trends. The superimposed line on the bars plots the six-month moving average so that natural fluctuations are smoothed out. The one and five-year rates of change in Table 1 and in the sections that follow are all based upon this six-month moving average. To view trends year-by-year rather than month-by-month, see TRAC's annual report series for a broader picture.
Cases were classified by prosecutors into more specific types.
The largest number of prosecutions of these matters in May 2025 was for "Immigration", accounting for 61.9 percent of prosecutions. Prosecutions were also filed for "Withheld by Govt from TRAC (FOIA challen" (11%), "Drugs-Drug Trafficking" (6.3%), "Weapons-Operation Triggerlock Major" (5.6%), "Project Safe Childhood" (2.5%), "Drugs-Organized Crime Task Force" (2.3%). See Figure 2.
The lead investigative agency for prosecutions in May 2025 was DHS accounting for 68 percent of prosecutions referred. Other agencies with substantial numbers of referrals were: FBI (11% ), ATF (6%), DEA (5%), Defense (1%). See Figure 3.
Prosecutions in U.S. Magistrate Courts
Top Ranked Lead Charges
In May 2025, 6143 defendants were filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. These courts handle less serious misdemeanor cases, including what are called "petty offenses." In addition, complaints are sometimes filed in the magistrate courts before an indictment or information is entered. In these cases, the matter starts in the magistrate courts and later moves to the district court where subsequent proceedings take place.
In the magistrate courts in May the most frequently cited lead charge was Title 8 U.S.C Section 1325 involving "Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc.". This was the lead charge for 40.1 percent of all magistrate filings in May.
Other frequently prosecuted lead charges include: "08 USC 1326 - Reentry of deported alien" (35.5%).
Prosecutions in U.S. District Courts
In May 2025, 4982 defendants in new cases for these matters were charged in the U.S. District Courts. In addition during May there were an additional 2637 defendants whose cases moved from the magistrate courts to the U.S. district courts after an indictment or information was filed. The sections which follow cover both sets of cases and therefore cover all matters filed in district court during May.
Top Ranked Lead Charges
Table 2 shows the top lead charges recorded in the prosecutions of matters filed in U.S. District Court during May 2025.
Lead Charge Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago 08 USC 1326 - Reentry of deported alien 2,482 1 1 1 More 21 USC 841 - Drug Abuse Prevention & Control-Prohibited acts A 569 2 2 2 More 18 USC 922 - Firearms; Unlawful acts 558 3 3 3 More 50 USC 797 - Control of Subversive Activities 532 4 - - More 08 USC 1325 - Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc. 323 5 22 11 More 08 USC 1324 - Bringing in and harboring certain aliens 300 6 5 5 More 21 USC 846 - Attempt and conspiracy 223 7 4 4 More 18 USC 2252 - Material involving sexual exploitation of minors 109 8 8 9 More 18 USC 1343 - Fraud by wire, radio, or television 103 10 6 10 More Table 2. Top Charges Filed
"Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was the most frequent recorded lead charge. "Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 five years ago.
Ranked 2nd in frequency was the lead charge "Drug Abuse Prevention & Control-Prohibited acts A" under Title 21 U.S.C Section 841. "Drug Abuse Prevention & Control-Prohibited acts A" under Title 21 U.S.C Section 841 was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was ranked 2 five years ago.
Ranked 3rd was "Firearms; Unlawful acts" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 922. "Firearms; Unlawful acts" under Title 18 U.S.C Section 922 was ranked 3 a year ago, while it was ranked 3 five years ago.
Among these top ten lead charges, the one showing the greatest increase in prosecutions — up 737.1 percent — compared to one year ago was Title 8 U.S.C Section 1325 that involves " Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc. ". This was the same statute that had the largest increase — 326.2 % — when compared with five years ago.
Again among the top ten lead charges, the one showing the sharpest decline in prosecutions compared to one year ago — down 30.3 percent — was " Attempt and conspiracy " (Title 21 U.S.C Section 846 ). This was the same statute that had the largest decrease — 32.8 % — when compared with five years ago.
Top Ranked Judicial Districts
In May 2025 the Justice Department's case-by-case records show that the government brought 2729.9 prosecutions for every ten million people in the United States.
Understandably, there is great variation in the per capita number of prosecutions that are filed in each of the nation's ninety-four federal judicial districts.
The districts registering the largest number of prosecutions per capita for these matters last month are shown in Table 3. Districts must have at least 5 prosecutions to receive a ranking.
Judicial District Percapita Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago N Mexico 48,355 852 1 6 5 More Cal, S 19,901 572 2 4 4 More Arizona 11,255 697 3 2 3 More Texas, W 10,744 710 4 1 2 More D. C. 10,604 60 5 16 46 More Texas, S 9,531 823 6 3 1 More S Dakota 9,008 68 7 21 28 More Alaska 5,637 33 8 76 85 More Montana 5,614 53 9 33 61 More Wyoming 5,547 27 10 79 64 More Table 3. Top 10 Districts (per ten million people)
The District of New Mexico — with 48355 prosecutions as compared with 2729.9 prosecutions per ten million population in the United States — was the most active during May 2025. The District of New Mexico was ranked 6 a year ago, while it was ranked 5 for most frequent use five years ago.
The Southern District of California (San Diego) ranked 2nd. The Southern District of California (San Diego) was ranked 4 a year ago, while it was ranked 4 for most frequent use five years ago.
District of Arizona is now ranking 3rd. The District of Arizona was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was ranked 3 for most frequent use five years ago.
Recent entrants to the top 10 list were Washington, D.C. (Washington), now ranked 5th , and South Dakota at 7th In the same order, these districts ranked 16th and 21st one year ago and 46th and 28th five years ago.
The federal judicial district which showed the greatest growth in the rate of prosecutions compared to one year ago — 138.1 percent — was New Mexico . Compared to five years ago, the district with the largest growth — 83.6 percent — was Montana .
In the last year, the judicial District Court recording the largest drop in the rate of prosecutions — 48.4 percent — was Washington, D.C. (Washington). But over the past five years, Southern District of Texas (Houston) showed the largest drop — 13.5 percent.
Top Ranked District Judges
At any one time, there are about 680 federal District Court judges working in the United States. The judges recorded with the largest number of new crime cases of this type during May 2025 are shown in Table 4.
Judge Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago Wormuth, Gregory B. N Mexico 309 1 - - More Crane, Randy Texas, S 157 2 3 11 More Moses, Alia M. Texas, W 112 3 1 2 More Olvera, Jose Rolando, Jr. Texas, S 75 4 14 30 More Rodriguez, Fernando, Jr. Texas, S 73 5 15 27 More Schydlower, Leon Texas, W 73 5 54 875 More Garcia Marmolejo, Marina Texas, S 58 7 5 3 More Cardone, Kathleen Texas, W 57 8 2 9 More Saldana, Diana Texas, S 50 9 7 1 More Goddard, Allison Cal, S 49 10 306 450 More Table 4. Top Ten Judges
All 10 of the "top ten" judges were in districts which were in the top ten with the largest number of filings per capit.
Judge Gregory B. Wormuth in the District of New Mexico ranked 1st with 309 defendants in cases.
Judge Randy Crane in the Southern District of Texas (Houston) ranked 2nd with 157 defendants in cases. Judge Crane also appeared in the top ten rankings one year ago (ranked 3).
Judge Alia M. Moses in the Western District of Texas (San Antonio) ranked 3rd with 112 defendants in cases. Judge Moses appeared in the top ten rankings one year (ranked 1) and five years ago (rank 2).
Report Generated: July 16, 2025
